BACKGROUND: Local excision (LE) with transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) is an established alternative to radical resection in select early rectal cancers and high-risk patients…
Socioeconomic status (SES) has proven significant impact on colorectal cancer (CRC) outcomes. Lower SES has correlated with increased comorbidities, risk of postoperative complications, and inadequate adherence to treatment guidelines…
INTRODUCTION: Due to its rarity, anal adenocarcinoma (AA) does not have a standardized staging system. The tumor (T) stage of an adenocarcinoma arising from the anal canal could be based on depth of invasion, as for rectal adenocarcinoma, or on size, as in anal squamous cell carcinoma…
BACKGROUND Stage II colorectal cancer should undergo adjuvant therapy only in the presence of risk factors and vascular, lymphatic, and perineural invasion (VELIPI) are risk factors for recurrence after surgery…