Cesare Ruffolo

BACKGROUND Stage II colorectal cancer should undergo adjuvant therapy only in the presence of risk factors and vascular, lymphatic, and perineural invasion (VELIPI) are risk factors for recurrence after surgery…

BACKGROUND: Adjuvant therapy after rectal cancer surgery is indicated in T4N0 or any T and nodal metastasis and/or risk factors for recurrences…

BACKGROUND: Inflammatory bowel disease encompasses two types of idiopathic intestinal disease, ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) that are differentiated by their location and depth of involvement in the bowel wall…