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BACKGROUND AND AIM: Despite extensive cleaning and disinfection protocols, 5-15% of ready-to-use duodenoscopes are still contaminated with high concern (HC) microorganisms such as _Klebsiella pneumoniae_, _Escherichia coli_ and _Pseudomonas aeruginosa_…
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Removal of bile duct stones is typically accomplished by endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC), which requires fluoroscopy. A fluoroscopy-free technique using direct solitary cholangioscopy (DSC) has been described as an alternative to ERC for biliary stone clearance…