PROBIOTICS: CURRENT CLINICAL EVIDENCE AND GAPS

SOCIETY: AGA Genes and dietary gluten are necessary, but insufficient, to develop celiac disease, a common autoimmune enteropathy with systemic manifestations and co-morbid associations. Microbes, in the form of infections and perturbations of the gut microbiome, have emerged as key cofactors…

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) are emerging as potential regulators of CD4+ T cell responses through MHC class II expression. However, their role as antigen-presenting cells and in the activation of gluten-reactive CD4+ T cells has never been proven…