BACKGROUND: Around 80-85% of colorectal cancer (CRC) belongs to ‘immune cold’ microsatellite stable (MSS) subtype without responsive to anti-PD-1 mAb therapy…
BACKGROUND: _Clostridium butyricum_ is a known probiotic bacterium with anti-inflammatory activity. We found that it is depleted in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) from multiple cohorts. Here, we examined the immunomodulatory effect of _C…