BACKGROUND AND AIM: Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) are emerging as potential regulators of CD4+ T cell responses through MHC class II expression. However, their role as antigen-presenting cells and in the activation of gluten-reactive CD4+ T cells has never been proven…
BACKGROUND: Environmental factors, including changes in diet and microbiota, have been identified as key contributors to the development of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD)…