Roberto Penagini

Discerning whether laryngeal symptoms are related to reflux (laryngopharyngeal reflux; LPR) is a challenge. Consequently, patients see numerous specialists, undergo multiple diagnostic tests and empirically trial proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), often with inconsistent response…

Dysphagia and chest pain are the common symptoms in achalasia. The mechanisms underlying such symptoms are not completely understood. The two symptoms can be triggered by mechanical stimulation via the sensory vagal and spinal afferent nerve fibers…

According to the Lyon 2.0 consensus, patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) symptoms should undergo upfront pathophysiologic tests to evaluate for conclusive evidence of reflux prior to medical management…