Oluwatumininu Akintonwa

End-stage achalasia is characterized by massive and tortuous esophagus with malnutrition, progressive dysphagia, and vomiting. Esophagectomy is indicated in those with a tortuous esophagus with axis deviation, failed myotomy, and deteriorating quality of life…

Transcholedochal laparoscopic bile duct exploration is a challenging procedure. Advanced cirrhosis with portal hypertension is associated with unique set of challenges not limited to increased risk of bleeding and fragile liver…