Management of patients with margin negative, T1-T3, N0 (stage IB–IIIA), resected gallbladder cancer (GBC) remains poorly defined. Current guidelines consider observation, chemotherapy (CT), and chemoradiation (CRT) as options…
BACKGROUND: Many factors influence the severity of biliary infections, including pigment stones, factors facilitating pigment stone formation, advanced age, cytokine response, and others. Little specific data exists on how illness severity is affected by different microorganisms…