Charles Knowles

BACKGROUND: The gastrointestinal (GI) disturbance is a frequent complication in patients with thoracolumbar vertebral fracture (TVF), especially in the postoperative period. Laxatives are sometimes of limited effect…

INTRODUCTION: Clinical and diagnostic assessments of patients with faecal incontinence (FI) and chronic constipation (CC) vary widely…

Sacral neuromodulation (SNM) is considered the first-line surgical treatment in adults with refractory faecal incontinence (FI). The clinical efficacy of SNM has never been rigorously determined in a trial setting and the underlying mechanism of action remains unclear…