Bhawna Halwan

BACKGROUND: Type 3 achalasia patients are believed to require longer myotomies to address the spastic esophagus in addition to the non-relaxing sphincter. This has been espoused on recent guidelines that advocate POEM in preference to Heller in these patients…

BACKGROUND: Heller myotomy (HM) is one of the most effective treatments for esophageal achalasia and has a five-year symptom free rate of 77-90%. However, failures do exist and the success rate tends to decrease with longer follow-up. The efficacy of traditional rescue treatments is limited…